STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

A Havre de Grace Green Team Blogpost
by Karl Ford - Education Initiative Chairperson

What is the definition of stormwater?  Why should we care about stormwater management? Well, stormwater is quite simply rainwater and rainwater ends up in our lakes and reservoirs…..and ultimately our homes.

When it rains, the rainwater will interact with four types of surface areas found in our environment; the air before it hits the ground, permeable ground surfaces, impermeable ground surfaces, or bodies of water. Most of us don’t think of the air around us as a surface that interacts with rainwater and thus has an effect on our water quality. However, air pollutants can be picked up by rainwater and enter the environment.  Once the rain reaches the ground it interacts with three additional surfaces. Impermeable surfaces, which includes buildings, parking lots, roadways, as well as natural rock formations, through which water cannot penetrate. Permeable surfaces, which includes natural areas like grasslands, forests, and bare soil.  Increasingly, due to efforts to protect water quality, this also includes man-made permeable surfaces. Lastly, rivers, lakes, creeks, streams, man-made reservoirs, and of course the oceans make up the final types of surface.   

                                     

The effect of rainwater’s interaction with each surface is dependent on the characteristics of that surface.  Erosion caused by rainwater run-off can be controlled by the environment’s surface features, both natural and man-made. Vegetation acts as a natural soil stabilizer, holding the soil in place, as well as controlling the velocity and volume of the water runoff. Vegetated areas, such as

grasslands and forests, also act as natural filters, retaining debris and particulates in the soil and not allowing them to enter our water bodies. Impermeable surfaces concentrate the volume and the velocity of rainwater run-off entering the environment. Unfortunately, impermeable surfaces also concentrate the contaminants in the stormwater run-off.  These contaminants are then deposited in our creeks, streams, rivers and the bay. Stormwater management programs exist to minimize soil erosion and stormwater contamination by mitigating increases in water volume and velocity. The public can and should play a vital role in helping to manage overall water quality by monitoring their local stormwater systems.

As we enjoy the warm weather and the associated activities that go along with the pleasures of summertime, we should pay special attention to what goes into our streets, gutters, and storm drains. “Only Rain in the Drain” is a good phrase to keep in mind. Make it a point to limit or eliminate any chemicals, petroleum products, trash, debris, and soil from entering the stormwater system. You can contact the Havre de Grace Green Team, city or county government, and other local environmental groups, for information on best practices to protect our precious water resources.

Havre de Grace Goes Green

By Joshua Marx,
The Havre de Grace Green Team is pushing hard to garner community support from residents in its quest for the city to gain recognition as a Sustainable Maryland Certified municipality.  Two members of the Green Team, President Kirk Smith and Secretary Samantha Groff, believe that becoming certified would not only benefit the quality-of-life for HdG residents, but would also pave the way towards a long-term sustainable future for the city as well as statewide recognition for improving Maryland livability.  

“Sustainable Maryland Certification opens up a whole different avenue of training for everyone from city leaders to everyday citizens on the values of being green, from cost saving to environmental stewardship,” says Kirk Smith, president of the Havre de Grace Green Team.  “It’s not just about living more ‘green’, says Mr. Smith, “Sustainable Maryland is about saving money.”

For the past four years, the HdG Green Team has been laying a foundation for this certification process, working with local community leaders to forge strong partnerships, and has already made great strides in preparing the city for certification.  On June 6th, 2016, Mayor William T. Martin and Director of Administration Patrick Sypolt signed Resolution 2016-07 into effect, which puts the gears of official Maryland certification in motion, further bolstering the efforts of the Green Team and, more importantly, fulfilled a key step in obtaining certification.  When Havre de Grace becomes certified, it would become only the second municipality in Harford County to achieve such recognition, helping it to stand out as a model community for the present as well as future citizens of the county.  

While current progress would have individuals believe that these pushes towards sustainability are relatively recent, the truth is that the Green Team has been working hard behind the scenes for a number of years to bring Havre de Grace to where it is today and in position to receive certification. Since its founding in 2012, the Green Team has established a thriving community garden that serves any interested HdG residents.  

The existence of a Green Team itself as well as a community garden are two key elements of any municipality gaining certification.  There are, in fact, several actions a community must take in order to be fully certified by the state of Maryland.   

With a Green Team in place and a resolution on the books, the next vital step in getting Havre de Grace recognized is to review, plan, and implement the next phase of the action plan for a Sustainable Maryland community.  The full list of action plan items, which can be viewed here, highlight eight areas of improvement for communities to achieve.

The Green Team has spearheaded efforts most recently in upgrading Natural Resources management in Havre de Grace.  Two key steps needed in strengthening this component of the action plan are helping to develop a Stormwater Management system as well as Watershed Stewardship.  

In conjunction with DPW, the Green Team is already putting necessary systems in place to not only have a program for stormwater management, but also appoint a coordinator to oversee operations once the system becomes adopted.  

The second component already being worked on with DPW is a Watershed Stewardship program. This is a vital step in any community's restoration efforts to create “sustainable local water quality and habitant improvements", according to the Sustainable Maryland website that details Watershed Stewardship.  The description goes on to explain the economic benefits for the community, stating that improving the local watershed is a surefire way to reduce upkeep costs for local municipalities, stating that investing improving watershed quality will benefit the bottom line by "reducing municipal investment in watershed protection and restoration costs."

Following these components would be the review and completion from the other five areas: Energy, Greenhouse Gas, Health and Wellness, Local Economies, and Planning and Land Use.  Getting certified in these areas, Mr. Smith suggests, “opens up a whole new stream of resources from the governor” in the form of grants the city could apply for.  “Grants,” Smith tacked on, “could bring a lot of grant revenue to the city that could help with many different operations within the city.”  

The two action steps the city has already taken highlight how far Havre de Grace has already come in being cognizant of sustainability in general, but also is a reminder of how much farther the community has to go. 

One of the biggest hurdles the community faces in working with DPW is fully incorporating all Havre de Grace residents, which would allow for hookups to city water and sewage lines.  This vital step would drastically improve the efficacy of any water treatment or stewardship plans.  Pockets of Havre de Grace remain unincorporated, according to Ms. Groff.  This leads to poor water management systems due to failing septic systems and a lack of access to city resources.

Havre de Grace becoming Sustainable Maryland certified would ensure both the protection of a vital ecosystem in the Chesapeake Bay and a thriving Harford County community.  “We’re located on the mouth of the bay, and home to one of Harford County’s largest ecosystems,” Samantha Groff, secretary of the HdG Green Team pointed out.  “After seeing city representatives do their part, people need to do what it takes to ensure our children’s future in this community.”

Ugly Produce Gets a Makeover

By Joshua Marx

Like the shy girl in any teenage romance movie who, after removing her glasses and unbraiding her hair, instantly becomes seen as the prom queen she always was by everyone at school, ugly fruits and vegetables are finally getting the praise they deserve.  Even more importantly, people are simply buying and eating more of them.  

Up until recently, perfectly edible fruits and vegetables have been thrown away by grocery stores, food service companies, farmers, and suppliers simply because they possess superficial flaws and imperfections that have been deemed “unfit” for sale.  A 2013 release by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) cites countless staggering statistics about the economic, environmental, and ethical costs of food waste due to “ugly” fruits and veggies.  For the sake of clarification, it is important to note that food waste refers to the intentional discard of edible food.  In short, the UNEP points out inadequacies across the supply chain, from growers all the way to consumers, that contribute to disproportionate food waste in affluent countries, specifically shedding light on the alarming fact that “quality and aesthetic standards lead retailers to reject large amounts of perfectly edible food.”  

The outlandish costs associated with such widespread food waste are a barrage on the conscience of even the most prudent and environmentally-conscious consumer.  For example, the UNEP measures the “Total food wastage for the edible part of [primary product] to 1.3 billion tonnes.”  The report goes on to highlight the carbon footprint left behind by the production of food that is just thrown away, which is estimated at “3.3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent of GHG released into the atmosphere per year.”  If those two figures don’t shock, perhaps the most dreadful statistic is the amount of water needed to grow food that is just thrown away later.  “The total volume of water used each year to produce food that is lost or wasted,” the report grimly states, “is equivalent than three times the annual flow of Russia's Volga River, or three times the volume of Lake Geneva.”

Across the world, however, sustainability advocates are fighting the food waste battle that has been going on for countless years.  One especially notable campaign has been in the French retailer Intermarche, one of the largest supermarket chains in France, whose “Inglorious Fruits & Vegetables” series has struck a chord with consumers, prompting an upsurge in the purchase and consumption of fruits and vegetables previously thought by retailers to be unfit for sale.  The main marketing push, a video of which can be seen here, was to not only introduce French grocery shoppers to these “ugly” fruits and vegetables at a reduced cost, but to showcase them, thereby altering prevailing attitudes and perceptions.  The initial release of this campaign led to a dramatic increase in store traffic and the purchase of fruits and vegetables overall.  Many retailers across the EU are following suit, with supermarkets in Portugal and the UK pushing “ugly” fruit and vegetable into consumers’ shopping bags.  Even Canada’s Safeway stores are planning a similar concept.  

Locally in Maryland, entrepreneurs and businesses have recognized the untapped market available to them and are aiming to become the middleman between consumers looking to save money and suppliers looking to decrease losses.  One such company, Hungry Harvest, has already made a tremendous impact on the region, recovering 500,000 pounds of food and donating 185,000 to families in need.

The concept, which was thought up by three University of Maryland graduates, closely follows the CSA model with which many farm-to-table enthusiasts are familiar.  Hungry Harvest buys aesthetically unpleasant fruits and vegetables from growers who would otherwise throw it away, pack up variety bags filled with those fruits and vegetables, and deliver them to consumers in the DelMarVA and Philadelphia region.  

Not only does the company work towards ending food waste by collecting food that would go unused, it also saves customers money.  According to the Hungry Harvest website, customers that sign up for the delivery service save an average of $10 over comparable delivery services, such as Peapod.  Hungry Harvest is also interested in reinvesting into the local community.  According to the company’s web page, for every box delivered to one of their customers, they donate 1-2 pounds of fresh produce through their donation partners, monthly free farmer's markets, or directly to needy families.

Ugly fruits and vegetables may not be the prom queen of the produce section yet. With companies such as Hungry Harvest and Intermarche leading the push to eliminate food waste across the world, though, more consumers are sure to follow suit and become critical of their own purchasing habits. Previously thought “ugly” fruit and vegetables may quickly become the apple of many a customer’s eye.

HdGGT May 2016 Newsletter

HdG Green Team May 2016 Newsletter - PDF Version

 

For the full newsletter please select the PDF version link above.



Gearing Up For Trouble!

On paper, the recent approval by the Maryland Transportation Authority to allow bicyclists to cross the Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge starting on July 1st appears to be a great victory for Harford County cyclists and a step towards progressive policy decisions in reclaiming roadways for bike riders around the state.  In reality, however, the seemingly bike-friendly and environmentally-responsible decision may be creating more issues than it solves for vehicles and cyclists alike. 

The logic behind the decision to open the bridge to cyclists is simple.  Local cyclists have long clamored for a connection between Havre de Grace and Perryville.  The East Coast Greenway, a roughly 3,000 mile developing trail system between Maine and Florida, has also backed a connection across the Susquehanna River, as it would provide a vital link for the developing network.

Using the Hatem Bridge seems like a no-brainer, and there is no denying that cycling in Maryland has become much easier and safer in recent years.  Campaigns to raise driver awareness coupled with laws that address bicycle safety and a right-of-way regulation have vastly improved the cycling experience throughout the state and have led to a rise in ridership.  Harford County’s back roads, in particular, have become an outstanding backdrop for cyclists looking to log heavy miles while taking in some magnificent scenery. 

The Maryland General Assembly has certainly done its share to regulate vehicle and bicycle safety, most recently passing a comprehensive bill - House Bill 214 - expanding the responsibility a driver has when sharing a road with bicycles, among other vehicles.  Most notably, it clearly defines that, when passing a bicycle sharing the same road, a vehicle must exercise caution by giving three feet of distance between the car and the bicycle.  Under conditions in which three feet is not possible, as is the case with the Hatem Bridge, the driver must “slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions” and “may not endanger, impede, or interfere with the bicycle [...] or any other traffic using the highway.”

However, cyclists looking to extend their rides over the Hatem Bridge after July 1st may be putting themselves in unnecessary danger when crossing, while drivers caught on the bridge may find themselves being forced to a crawl when crossing the 1.3 mile expanse.

The main flaw in this plan is trying to retrofit a 20th century roadway so it adheres to 21st century road-sharing values.  The Hatem Bridge, opened in August of 1940, was designed as a narrow two lane road in each direction with no shoulder.  The claustrophobic nature of the bridge makes even the most capable drivers feel trepidation while crossing.  Adding bicycles to the mix will make the span even more tenuous. 

Experienced cyclists are well aware of the implications of sharing a traffic lane with vehicles.  The fear of trucks and cars barreling towards them coupled with the impatience of tailgaters as they wait for a break in traffic to merge can ruin any cyclists’ ride.  Cyclists can also expect to hear the requisite drive-by insults and blaring horns that are commonplace with shared-lane cycling, since many drivers fail to recognize bicycles as equal in lane usage on roads. 

Drivers, meanwhile, will not only have to come to grips with trips across the bridge taking one and a half or even twice as long, as two lanes of traffic are forced to condense to one, but will also be forced to navigate the strain of a shared roadway with bicycles on the cramped bridge.  Road sharing with bicycles is stressful enough for an unaccustomed driver, let alone being forced into it on a narrow bridge. 

It also stands to reason rates of accidents between two vehicles, and, perhaps more terrifying, between vehicles and bicycles will rise rapidly.  Just last year, the Maryland Vehicle Association released a report on bicycle safety, which stated that “over the past five years there was a six percent increase in the number of crashes” between bicycles and vehicles.  Of those crashes, according to the same report, “more than 80 percent of the crashes resulted in a death or injury” 

All of these factors combined point to a singular rationale that allowing bicycles to share lanes with vehicles across the Hatem Bridge will ultimately not benefit either group.  Drivers will be upset with cyclists, and cyclists will be upset with drives.  Unless an alternative crossing is developed that does not pit vehicle and bicycle against one another, such as the plan of retrofitting the Amtrak rail crossing with a bicycle lane, it stands to reason that cyclists will still plan to steer clear of a river crossing for quite some time.   

Blog Post by Joshua Marx
Blogger for the Havre De Grace Green Team

HdG Green Team March 2016 Newsletter

Click the link for the full version of the Havre De Grace Green Team March 2016 Newsletter

HdG Green Team 2016 Annual Membership Meeting and Elections

Havre De Grace Green Team

Annual Membership Meeting and Officer Elections

• Are you looking to move your community further in a more environmentally sustainable space?
• Do you want to know what climate change and environmental racism are and what they mean for you?
• Are you looking to meet like minded people, share a meal or dig your hands into the cool, moist dirt?

Then join us!

The Havre De Grace Green Team on March 8, 2016 from 7:00 pm to 8:30 pm for our annual member meeting.

This years meeting will be held at the Havre De Grace Police Department at 715 Pennington Avenue, Havre De Grace, MD.

During this time we will be holding our annual elections of officers and provide updates to our current green initiatives. You are always welcome to volunteer for an initiative or start one yourself!

Our current initiatives include:

• Community Gardens
• Cycling, Rails & Trails
• Monthly Plant Based Potlucks
• Quarterly Documentary Screenings
• Recycling
• Partnerships with other Local Community Groups 

 

Help Turn Havre De Grace Havre De Green  Re-Educate - Refer - Recognize

Feruary 2016 Havre De Grace Green Team Newsletter

Onions - Vegetable Garden Plant Guide

Vegetable Garden Plant Guide

Havre de Grace Green Team

Onions

INTRODUCTION

The onion, also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.  The onion is most frequently a biennial or a perennial plant, but is usually treated as an annual and harvested in its first growing season.

Onions are often grouped according to taste (mild and strong flavored), color (white, yellow, and red) and use (storage or freshly eaten).  Globe varieties tend to keep longer in storage.

Onion cultivars also have different requirements as to the number of hours of daylight required to make an onion bulb as described below:

1. Long Day - bulb sets when it receives 14-16 hours of daylight and is adapted to Northern summers;
2. Short Day -bulb sets with about 12 hours of daylight and are used in the deep South for winter production;
3. Intermediate -  Maryland Zone 7 community gardener's can experiment with all groups, although long day and intermediate types will probably perform better in our area.

This is an excerpt from our new Vegetable Garden Plant Page on the Havre De Grace Green Team website.  For more information on Onions and other Vegetable Garden Plants please see us at:
http://www.hdggreenteam.org/vegetable-plant-guide.html

A Healthy Community Garden Plot Requires Healthy Soil - Part 3

III.    Amendments of Healthy Soil

Vegetables and edible herbs need good healthy soil. Soil that is hard, rocky, soggy, or nutrient-poor will only provide vegetables and herbs that are weak and spindly. For a 100 square foot community garden plot, the gardener should strive to dig or add in 1” of aged or composted organic matter bi-annually. The vegetables and herbs planted in an organic rich soft soil will be able to grow roots more deeply and soak up nutrients that will ensure you will have healthy and productive plants.

Various types of soil amendments exist that can help add the macro and micro nutrients to your organic garden such as:

• Composted Manure is aged for at least 6 months prior to using it in a vegetable garden. High in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and other micro nutrients, the mixture feeds plants, improves soil structure and aids in water retention. Soil bacteria found in composted humus and manure aid in the decomposition of leaf and other organic matter present in the soil; 
• Composted Humus is made up of decomposed plant material; the addition of plant humus to the organic vegetable garden improves soil structure by clumping soil particles. As organic material decays nutrients are released to help feed plants. Properly prepared hums compost can help to prevent and fight soil borne diseases that affect many plants.

Most organic fertilizers are made from combination of organic peat, animal bone meal, animal blood meal, and fish meal. Plant wastes from agriculture and sea weed, and lastly bio-solid sewage sludge. Be selective with what you use and do some research. Pay attention to the labeling and ensure the macro and micro nutrients listed are absolutely necessary for your garden and follow the directions closely.

A health community garden plot is made up of so much more then minerals and organic matter, water and air. Microscopic and other organisms; such as earthworms and insects, in your soil provide pathways for bacteria and fungi to reach clumps of matter that once broken down provide rich nutrients to the roots of your plants. In essence, a healthy soil is a living soil!

There are numerous products that can be added to the vegetable gardens that are organic based, vice chemical. Diligent gardeners look for products with the OMRI symbol or visit their website; www.omri.org for a list of items that have met the standards for the United States National Organic Program guidelines.

Lastly, soil testing in the community garden can be done with kits purchased from local shops, big box stores, and online. However, nothing compares to have a professional soil test done, these tests are performed in labs that not only give you a nutrient readout, but provide recommendations on how much of what material to add to make up for nutrients lacking in your garden. Please see the University of Maryland Educational Extension webpage at https://extension.umd.edu/ for a listing of soil labs in our regional area.


This ends our 3 part blog series in regards to "A Healthy Community Garden Plot Requires Healthy Soil".  We hope that you might have learned a bit about your "dirt" and become more interested in growing your own healthy, nutritious garden.

A Healthy Community Garden Requires Health Soil - Part 2 of 3

II.                 Nutrient Chemistry of Healthy Garden Soil

Most gardeners are inundated and have a good working knowledge of the phrase; “Mind your N’s, P’s, & K’s!”  The three (3) main chemical nutrient requirements for any healthy soil are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K): 

•  Nitrogen (N) helps plants make the proteins they need to produce new tissues, too much nitrogen and you will have super green plants, but no flowers or buds;
• Phosphorous (P) stimulates root growth, helps the plant set buds and flowers, improves vitality and increases seed size; 
• Potassium (K) improves overall vigor of the plant and helps the plants to make carbohydrates and provides disease resistance.

However, not all gardeners realize that there are three (3) more chemical nutrients required for healthy soil; Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn), and Sulfur (S).  While not needed in as great a quantity as the main three (3), each has a vital role in the healthy garden soil: 

• Calcium (Ca) is used by plants in cell membranes, at their growing points and to neutralize toxic materials. In addition, calcium improves soil structure and helps bind organic and inorganic particles together; 
• Magnesium (Mn) is the only metallic component of chlorophyll. Without it, plants can't process sunlight; 
• Sulfur (S) is a component of many proteins.

Finally, there are at least seven (7) other “micro-nutrients” required in trace amounts for a healthy soil: 

• Boron (B) which is essential for germination and growth of pollen tubes; 
• Chlorine (Cl) which helps plants with photosynthetic reaction; 
• Iron (Fe) vital for nitrogen fixing and respiration; 
• Zinc (Z) for the production of plant enzymes; 
• Copper (Cu) which is essential for plants to be able to process carbohydrates and proteins, which helps increase the flavor of vegetables and fruits; 
• Molybdenum (Mo) essential to help bacteria and microbes fix nitrogen into the soil; 
• Nickel (Ni) essential for leaf and chute growth in plants, helps legumes to fix nitrogen into the soil. 

Next Week: Amendments to Achieve Health Garden Soil - Part 3 of 3